This is sounding like a repeat of what happened a while back. Rather than an ATM skimmer, it is apparently a hack at the processing center in Brazil.
All international card processing for the Caribbean goes through this processing center. A friend just returned from Costa Rica and had their international card also "used" in India.
This same thing happened a few years ago and all the banking institutions were aware of it. So if your card was used recently in the Caribbean and then India, let your bank know that the issue is with the processing center. This should speed up your refund.
